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Atmospheric Ice Crystals

Many are familiar with the branched structure of dendrite snowflakes, but did you know that atmospheric ice crystals come in many other forms? These crystals, imaged from research aircraft using the PHIPS airborne probe, range from a few tens of microns to 1 mm and are typically found in wispy high-level clouds or cold boundary layer clouds below 0°C. These ice crystals can act as seeds for snowflakes and influence cloud lifetimes in liquid-dominated clouds. They also influence how much sun light can reach the Earth's surface and how much thermal radiation is kept in the atmosphere. Their diverse structures present significant challenges for climate modellers striving to accurately represent their impact on Earth's energy balance.

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